佛學的宇宙觀與人工智慧的哲學問題

　　The main objective of this article is to address cosmologic viewpoints of Buddhists. The discussion begins with the computability of modern computers as well as that of the newly developed “DNA computers.” This article shows that certain abstract inference capabilities that human beings possess surpass what modern computers are able to realize and what the interactions of biochemical molecules are able to accomplish. This observation basically invalidates materialism. This article then discusses different viewpoints of emptiness in Buddhism based on scientific observations of modern physics. It is concluded in this article that different viewpoints of emptiness addressed by the Theravada Buddhism, Consciousness-only School, and Madhyamika School, in fact present different aspects of the nature of the universe. This article further proposes a conceptual model of “mental energy.” In this model, every “spiritual entity” is formed by accumulation of “mental energy,” which is an analogy of the observation in the physical world that every “material entity” is formed by accumulation of “physical energy.” In the future, if scientific evidences confirm that “mental energy” really exists and that “mental energy” and “physical energy” are interchangeable, then mind-matter monism will become the ultimate doctrine to describe the nature of the universe.

Keywords:
cosmology; Consciousness-only School; Madhyamika School; mind-matter monism; mind-matter dualism